World Trade Organization Negotiations: The Doha Development Agenda. Updated August 18, 2008; Congressional rept

摘要

Talks continue in the World Trade Organization's (WTO) Doha Development Round of multilateral trade negotiations. The negotiations, which were launched at the 4th WTO Ministerial in 2001 at Doha, Qatar, have been characterized by persistent differences between the United States, the European Union, and developing countries on major issues, such as agriculture, industrial tariffs and nontariff barriers, services, and trade remedies. Depending on the outcome, some U.S. industries may gain access to foreign markets, and others may see increased competition from imports. Likewise, some U.S. workers may be helped through increased access to foreign markets, but others may be hurt by import competition. The negotiating impasse put negotiators beyond the reach of agreement under U.S. trade promotion authority (TPA), which expired on July 1, 2007. With the deadline passed, the parties are now attempting to make progress in the negotiations in the hope that the 110th Congress will extend TPA. During the second half of 2007, the chairmen of the agriculture, industrial, and rules negotiating groups released new draft texts and revisions to those texts have been made in the course of 2008. Yet, trade ministers again failed to reach a breakthrough at an eight day negotiating ministerial held in Geneva in July 2008. Agriculture has become the linchpin of the Doha Development Agenda. U.S. goals are substantial reduction of trade- distorting domestic support; elimination of export subsidies, and improved market access. Some had looked to a potential Doha Round agreement to curb trade-distorting domestic support as a catalyst to change U.S. farm subsidies in the 2007 farm bill, but this source of pressure for change dissipated with the continued Doha impasse. In addition, Members of Congress likely will carefully scrutinize any agreement that may require changes to U.S. trade remedy laws.