Factors of Safety for Richardson Extrapolation

摘要

A factor of safety (FS) method for quantitative estimates of grid/time uncertainties for CFD solutions is derived to remove the deficiencies of GCI, corrected GCI(sub C), and correction factor (CF) methods, i.e., unreasonably small uncertainty when CF > 1 (estimated order of accuracy greater than theoretical) and lack of statistical analysis to prove 95% confidence for the estimated uncertainties to bound the true error. The approach follows the CF method but reflects the uncertainty instead of FS for CF.