Hydrogen Storage Solutions in Support of DoD Warfighter Portable Power Applications

摘要

The modern warfighter is estimated to carry from 65 to 95 pounds of supplies in the field with more than 30 pounds of this dedicated to portable power devices. These devices include computer displays, infrared sights, global positioning systems (GPS), night vision and a variety of other sensor technologies. More than 90% of the energy needed to power these devices comes from primary (disposable) batteries. A recent comprehensive study on the energy needs of the future warrior made a variety of recommendations for average power systems from 20 to 1,000 watts. For lower power systems recommendations included pursuing science and technology initiatives focused on 1) secondary (rechargeable) battery technologies with an energy density of 300 watt-hour per kilogram (Wh/kg), 2) hybrid power sources, and 3) fuel cells (with greater than 6 wt% hydrogen storage). Fuel cells have very high specific energy densities but achieving high energy values will depend on the energy density and the storage method of its fuel. Improved methods of safely and efficiently storing larger amounts of hydrogen will be a key development area for portable fuel cell power systems. This paper describes advanced hydrogen storage materials being developed by Savannah River National Laboratory. The article also identifies leading candidates and systems that can be applied to DoD portable power applications. The plans and initial activities of a new DoD Warfighter Portable Power Center located at the Center for Hydrogen Research are also described.