Summary of Available Hail Literature and the Effect of Hail on Aircraft in Flight

摘要

Available information on the hail phenomenon affecting aircraft in flight has been examined. This paper attempts to coordinate the present knowledge of hail with the effect of hail on aircraft in flight and includes: (1) a digest of the literature on the physical properties, the occurrence, and the formation of hail, (2) a survey of the hail effect on aircraft in flight from analyses of 57 cases of airplanes damaged by hail, (5) a resume of hail information for the benefit of pilots, forecasters, and ground operational personnel, and (4) an annotated hail bibliography of 552 articles for use of research personnel.