Esprit, Group Dynamics, and Motivation

摘要

This report investigates the effects of an existing group on the motivation and productivity of new group members, and specifically to determine how such effects vary as a function of characteristics both of the group and of the new members; emphasis is on social-psychological problems generated by the introduction of the newcomer into an organization such as a squad or platoon. Groups led to anticipate frequent changes in membership adhere more closely to a formal group structure than do more stable groups. Where the leader tends to differentiate among his men, the unit shows higher morale and greater team effectiveness. Group members who perceive they are recognized as individuals accede more readily to group pressures.