Phenomenological and Microscopic Analysis of Properties of Even-Even Nuclei. Part A. Phenomenological Models

摘要

The general features of several nuclear models are described. Special attention is given to those nuclear models connected with the low-lying excited states of even-even nuclei. Two special forms of the unified model were considered: The vibrational model in which only surface collective oscillations are considered; and The rotational model in which the nuclear shape is taken as fixed, so that rotations are the only collective motions allowed. The rotational or strong coupling model has proved very successful in the interpretation of properties of nuclei in the mass regions 19226. The excited states of even-even nuclei show certain regularities, allowing to distinguish different 'types' of spectra (Ma4, Sh1) characterized by the energy ratios between the excited levels and the character of these levels.