Some Aspects of Meteorological Conditions in the Central Arctic. A Review of U. S. S. R. Investigations

摘要

The report consolidates the knowledge of Central Arctic meteorology obtained by Russian scientists. The latest findings in distribution of pressure fields, air density, wind characteristics at surface and aloft are summarized. The cyclones and anticyclones, as the major features of atmospheric circulation over the Arctic are analyzed in detail, their frequency, trajectories, structure, speed, and the relationship between changes in pressure at surface and aloft are examined. Thermal regime of the atmosphere over the Arctic is examined on different aspects. Radiation budget and its components are presented for the area of the Arctic Ocean, Arctic Seas and the coastal zone. The radiation balance of the stratosphere over the Central Arctic is discussed and the results of studies on penetration of radiation into surface layer, snow and ice are given. This study is based on the results of observations made by expeditions, drifting stations, and stations on Arctic islands and in the coastal zone. 55 Russian published sources were analyzed. (Author)