A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON FLUID FLOW THROUGH CLOSED CONDUIT BENDS

摘要

A general review of the literature on flow in bends of closed conduits is presented, not with a view to correlating experimental results and producing design data, but as a preliminary to experi¬mental work, to 'assess the problems and to avoid duplication.nA great variety of bends appear in general civil engineering structures and these are not very well represented in the bibliography. For example Siphons and Draft tubes get little attention as they are considered to be unusual bends covered fairly well by their own specialist literature.nThe unenviable task of reading and critically appraising all 200 references has not been attempted, instead effort has been concentrated on previous reviews and head losses for simple circular arc, constant area bends.