Effect of off-Path Ionospheric Reflections on VLF Radio Waves

摘要

Describes a technique for analyzing movements in the lower ionosphere. The technique uses a ground based very-low-frequency radio transmitting and receiving system. The experimental results show that off-path reflections in the irregular ionosphere are much more important than hitherto believed, and that movement of discrete reflectors in the ionosphere causes Doppler frequency shifts that have an important effect on the phase and amplitude fluctuations of reflected radio waves. (Author)