Freeze Protection for Freshwater and Sanitary Piping under Open Piers.

摘要

Pipes carrying freshwater or sewage are often exposed to severe weather conditions under piers and therefore must be protected from freezing. The Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory has studied the problems associated with freeze protection of piping systems, reviewed weather data for U.S. coastal cities having temperatures comparable to those of nearby Navy installations, conducted cold chamber tests on several freeze-protection systems, and developed freeze-protection criteria for exposed piping systems. Results of these studies indicate that freeze protection can best be obtained with conducting mineral electric heating elements insulated with polyurethane foam and protected with a covering of asphalt-impregnated felt coated with asphaltic mastic. In the colder regions, heaters, insulation, and protective covering are required; in regions of moderate winter cold only insulation and protective covering are required; and in regions having very mild winters, no insulation, protective covering, or heaters are required. (Author)