Arctic Cloud Statistics from 'Air-Calibrated' Surface Weather Observations

摘要

Statistics on the space and time distribution of clouds in the Arctic are derived from sixty-three months of surface synoptic weather data by a new technique. The technique aggregates the cloud information available in the surface synoptic weather code into eight 'Cloud Distribution Models' that prescribe occurrence frequencies and amounts of low, middle, and high clouds, with adjustments made for middle and high clouds that exist above lower overcast conditions. The results are presented in the form of tables, graphs, and maps, and are compared with the results of previous investigation. It is concluded that this study demonstrates the value of cloud observations from aircraft to 'calibrate' the more economical observations of clouds by surface observers and meteorological satellites. (Author)