Failure Analysis. Theory and Practice

摘要

The failure problem is first defined in terms of relative ductility prior to fracture as contrasted to the ductility associated with the fracturing process directly. Subsequently, the effects of temperature and stress state - considered as the two most significant factors in brittle behavior - are discussed in detail particularly in light of their effects on the various modes of fracture. Correlations between specimens and/or specimens and prototypes are associated with the nature of the fracture mode. The significance of notched specimens is shown to stem from the marked influence the notches have on the stress state, tending to produce a hydrostatic tension field. A number of materials evaluation tests are described concentrating principally on notch tension and notch bend specimens but including reference to crack arrest tests. Several concepts are described which provide the designer with procedures for adequate safeguards against failure. (Author)