Parametric Study of Thermal Problems in Densely Populated Shelters

摘要

Thermal problems treated analytically in this report relate to transfer of metabolic heat from human bodies to a shelter environment and to some effects of population density on optimum clothing, skin wetness, limits for thermal equilibrium, and contributions made by each of six processes for heat/mass transfer. These processes include: radiation and convertion at skin or clothing surfaces, heat conduction through clothing, respiratory heat exchange, vapor diffusion through dry skin, and evaporation of sweat at wet skin surfaces. Thermal equilibrium is maintained in cool environments by modifying thermal resistance of clothing and in warm environments by adjusting the ratio of wet to total skin areas. Also, an analysis of moist-air mixing processes is used to evaluate operational requirements for partial recirculation of ventilating air during cold weather. Analyses and computations are based on correlated data from the scientific literature. Results are presented graphically in 9 figures and numerically in 18 tables. (Author)