Evolution of Brazilian Civil-Military Relations: From Pacted Transition to Lula's Foreign Policy Tool

摘要

Brazil transitioned to democracy from an authoritarian military regime just over twenty-five years ago, yet is still struggling to subject the military to effective civilian control. This thesis retraces the evolution of civil-military relations through three significant events that have shaped the current state of civil-military relations and complicated defense reforms in Brazil. First, the transition to democracy, a tenuous and complicated task, was further complicated by the death of the president elect thus weakening the position of the newly elected civilian government. Second, the military successfully contested attempts to establish a Ministry of Defense for the first decade of the democracy thus prolonging efforts at reform. Lastly, civilian's apathy and ignorance toward the military, perpetuated by a series of weak and ill prepared Ministers of Defense, further delayed progression beyond the status quo.