Structural and Chemical Characterization of Processed Crystalline Ceramic Materials.

摘要

Research on new materials demands systematic characterization, not only to optimize fabrication parameters and to insure future quality control, but also to enable optimum engineering properties to be achieved. Any processed ceramic material should be uniquely defined by a necessary and sufficient set of parameters including composition, grain size, shape, orientation, and packing. Quantitative relationships derived among these parameters, engineering properties, and utilization functions can be used to control and optimize their properties and use. Selection of the optimum characterization procedures requires a careful preliminary analysis of the material and what is needed. Reviews and examples are presented for visible light observation (macroscopic and microscopic), X-ray analysis (single crystal and powder diffraction, energy dispersive analysis, fluorescence, topography) and electron interaction in solids (X-ray fluorescence, SEM, TEM, ESCA, and cathodoluminescence). (Author)