Universal Virus Adsorption on Inert Particles Utilizing the Coated Latex Adsorption Method (CLAM).

摘要

Development and instrumentation of a rapid method of virus and viral antibody detection and identification utilizing the Coated Latex Adsorption Method (CLAM) is presented. Comprised of an inert latex particle 'carrier' adsorbing antibody, and detected virus or antibody, the classic CLAM particle may now be classified into two major types (in vitro and in vivo). The in vitro CLAM particle was developed because of the ability of monodispersed latex particles to adsorb, in vitro, a variety of substances and subsequently react with its biologically significant counterpart (i.e. virus or bacteria, antitoxin, viral or bacterial antibody) to produce a complex which could be quickly detected within one minute using present day instrument technology. Energy kinetics of the antigen-antibody reaction as applicable to the CLAM detection system are presented, with equations defined for association, dissociation, and equilibrium phenomena of the antigen-antibody complex. The in vivo CLAM particle retains the basic descriptive properties of the in vitro particle except that it is applied directly to a living host system by various routes of innoculation. A history, with bibliography, in addition to appropriate equations and conceptual model building blocks based on rates of immunological phenomena are presented. Two proposed dynamic and predictive in vitro and in vivo computer-mediated models of the CLAM detection system are also introduced.