The Use of Internal Instruments for Errors in Variables and Missing Cross Products,

摘要

Theoretically, the most satisfying technique for dealing with errors in variables has been the use of instrumental variables. However, the operational difficulty of finding appropriate instrument has led to a lack of use of the technique, to the extent that theoretical discussions of errors in variables are even disappearing from the texts. This paper has developed a method of constructing instruments whenever one set of independent variables is measured without error and one set is measured with error.