The Production and Refining of Crude Shale Oil into Military Fuels.

摘要

The technical objectives of the program were to demonstrate that a wide spectrum of military operational fuels derived from shale oil crude could be obtained in a commercial industrial facility with minimum or minor modification, and to incentivize industry in oil shale development and technology. Shale oil crude was processed into gasoline, heavy fuel oil, and JP-4 in small laboratory quantities in the United States by the Bureau of Mines (ERDA) and private industry, however, no large scale commercial refining of the shale oil crude into a wide variety of products had been attempted up until this program. The various fuels produced met a majority of the military, federal, and commercial specifications requirements. However, these fuels tended to exhibit storage and thermal instabilities. In addition, the fuels contained a high wax content, high particulate matter, and high gum content. It is concluded that it is feasible to obtain military and civilian operational fuels from shale oil crude using a commercial refinery. However, additional effort has to be extended to overcome some refinery and operational problems to obtain maximum yields and improved properties.