Target Detection in the Real World and from Photographic Projections in the Laboratory - A Correlation Study of the Validity of Photo Simulation.

摘要

This report summarizes a comparison of target acquisition behavior by observers responding to projected 4-color photographic slides with the behavior of comparable observers responding to the real world environment at the time the photographs were taken. Two test sites were employed for these ground-to-ground target detection studies - one a mountain woodland with a dirt road twisting through it, and the other an open meadow upon which occasional trees and bushes had grown. Both sites have ample leaf growth for partial concealment of three camouflaged static military targets--all carefully positioned at the extreme end of each site, namely a tank, howitzer and a 2 1/2 ton truck. One set of observers (O's) viewed the targets in the field from a near post (250 meters); a second set was located at an intermediate distance (500 meters); and third at a far post (1000 meters). All O's, checked for acuity (minimum 20/20) and color normalcy, served only once in the field. The same was true in the laboratory where twice as many O's were required, since two screens were used: opaque or front view and translucent or rear view. The conclusion is justified that 35 mm slides are a valid simulation of the real world. That is, the two-dimensional display produces the same behaviors (hits, misses, false detects, times to detect and identify) as was found in the field.