Viral Vaccine Immunogenicity in Relation to Host Cell-Mediated and Humoral Immune Responses.

摘要

Immune responses after immunization with a number of inactivated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus vaccines were evaluated using an adoptive transfer system. Formalin-inactivated, TC-83 strain VEE virus vaccine was found to be immunogenic and highly effective in protecting recipients against challenge with virulent VEE virus. In contrast to immunization with live, TC-83 VEE virus vaccine, immunization with inactivated vaccine did not provide donors with the capacity to transfer adoptive immunity readily. Only when mice were immunized with inactivated VEE vaccine combined with adjuvants, particularly complete Freund's adjuvant or Bordetella pertussis, were donors capable of consistently transferring adoptive immunity. Lymphoid cell responses to immunization with inactivated VEE vaccine was next assessed by monitoring the development of both donor serum neutralizing antibody as well as adoptive neutralizing antibody responses induced by spleen cell transfer. Donors immunized intraperitoneally with formalin-inactivated VEE vaccine singly or on 3 consecutive days develop early and brisk serum neutralizing antibody responses (greater than or equal to 1:88 - 1:100) by 7 days within immunization. Recipients of spleen cells prepared from such mice are, however, incapable of eliciting a neutralizing antibody response (less than or equal to 1:10).