Studies of the Use of Non-Potable Irrigation on the Air Force Academy Golf Course.

摘要

The use of non-potable water for turf irrigation was investigated at the USAF Academy. From the time of its construction in 1960, the Eisenhower Golf Course has been irrigated with non-potable water. Soil sampling began in 1964. Elevated levels of copper, iron and zinc occurred in soils from the irrigated portions of the golf course. Analysis of selected sited sampled in 3 inch increments to a depth of 18 inches or in 6 inch increments to a depth of 36 inches, indicates a buildup in metal concentration which is inversely proportional to depth. A change in the species composition of the turf has occurred; the perennial grasses originally established on the greens and tees (seaside bentgrass, Agrostis palustris) and on the fairways (common bluegrass, Poa pratensis; redtop, Agrostis alba; and colonial bentgrass, Agrostis tenuis) have been replaced by shallow rooted annuals, primarily annual bluegrass(Poa annua). Some adverse effects (e.g., yellowing and premature needle drop) have also been observed in Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa) on an adjacent to irrigated areas. This report reflects the data collected over a 12 year soil sampling period, and includes related water and irrigation pond sediment analysis. (Author)