An Engineering Study on the Emulsification of Immiscible Noxious Liquids Discharged into the Marine Environment by Chemical Tankers.

摘要

Annex II of the 1973 IMCO Marine Pollution Convention limits the wake concentration of certain noxious substances discharged by chemical tankers. Emulsification prior to discharge was considered as a means of assuring the proper dispersion of immiscible noxious substances. This study reviews the theory of emulsification and examines specific types of commercially available mechanical emulsifiers. The various mechanical emulsifiers are evaluated on the basis of: (1) applicability to IMCO Category B and C products, (2) Stability of the emulsions formed; (3) Chemical concentration limitations; (4) Capacity limitations; (5) Feasibility for use in explosive environments; (6) Reliability and maintainability;and (7) Operating and capital costs. This evaluation indicates that cavitating jet emulsification equipment is best suited for this application. Recommended locations on a typical chemical tanker for the emulsifier,discharge lines,and necessary piping are given. Finally,Recommendations concerning design data for implementation of the emulsification system are presented.