A Literature Review - Problem Definition Studies on Selected Toxic Chemicals. Volume 4. Occupational Health and Safety Aspects of the Fog Oils SGF No. 1 and SGF No. 2 and Smoke Screens Generated from Them.

摘要

Literature is reviewed (144 references) on the following subjects: physico-chemical properties; generation of fog oil smoke; human toxicity, occupational hazards and associated health and safety practices and standards; toxicological investigations in animals including mice, rats, guinea pigs, hamsters, monkeys, rabbits, dogs, cats and calves; absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion in mammals; methods of sampling and determining atmospheric fog oil smoke, and extraction and determination of oils in biologic media. The two fog oils, SGF No. 1 and SGF No. 2, are both refined petroleum products. SGF No. 1 is representative of fuels (similar to fuel oils No. 1 and No. 2 and light grades of diesel fuel), while SGF No. 2 is a lubricating oil (related to light automotive and industrial lubricating oils and mineral oils). The two fog oils have different viscosities, distillation ranges, flash points, and different hydrocarbon compositions, among others. Both oils are used in smoke generators, which vaporize the oils and force the vapors into the atmosphere, where they condense into a dense white smoke screen consisting of oil microdroplets. Effects of continuous exposure of U.S. Army personnel to fog oil smoke screens, for weeks on end, have not been documented.