Effects of Fluid Load on Human Urine Characteristics Related to Workplace Drug testing.

摘要

During workplace drug testing, urine specimens are also tested for sample dilution, substitution, and adulteration. Often when urine sample validity testing indicates such sample modifications, donors argue that these irregularities are due to medical or health conditions, working conditions, dietary habits, or genetic differences. There is a paucity of data correlating changes in urine characteristics after a fluid load to height, weight, body fat, and resting metabolic rate (RMR). In this study, 5 urine specimens from 12 males and 12 females were tested. These specimens were: 1 in the morning, 1 prior to drinking 800-mL of a beverage, and at 3 time intervals thereafter. Beverages tested were water; a fully carbonated, carbohydrate-rich drink; a non- carbonated, electrolyte-rich drink; and a lightly carbonated drink.