Investigation into Deep-Draft Vessel Berthing Problems at Selected U. S. Naval Facilities

摘要

Described in this report are the results of a detailed investigation of shoaling in the pier slips and associated waterways of six deep-draft harbors used by the U.S. Navy. These are the Naval Air Station at Alameda, CA; the Naval Station and Naval Shipyard at Charleston, SC; the Naval Station at Mayport, FL; the Naval Station at Norfolk, VA; the Naval Air Station at Pensacola, FL; and the Naval Air Station North Island, San Diego, CA. In addition to shoaling, the bioclogging of the screens of aircraft carriers' 'sea chests' at Norfolk, VA was investigated. Tidal extremes for the subject harbors were updated to the latest information available from the National Ocean Survey. Methods of dredging commonly used to dredge pier slips are described together with less-frequently used methods that have been used in slip maintenance. The problem of offshore as well as onshore dredge spoil disposal is addressed. Included are discussions on the use of the elutriate test, the bioassay, and the in-situ bioassay in determining the toxicity of the dredge spoil. A section in the report addresses methods of sediment control. Information in this report based on interviews and other research is contained in sections entitled: Ship Movement, Current Velocity, Elevations of Bottom Tips of Pilings, Shoaling and Shoaling rate, Submarine Sediments Dredging, Dredge Spoil Disposal, Problems, and Recommendations. In addition to recommendations for specific Naval installations, eight general recommendations are made. (Author)