The Implications of Natural Hazard Evacuation Warning Studies for Crisis Relocation Planning

摘要

The study (1) reviewed social science theories about collective behavior and described their applications to crisis relocation, (2) developed and documented the logic for comparing human warning response to natural and nuclear disaster hazards, (3) developed a framework of facts important in evacuation decision making and (4) examined their implications for citizen response to a request to relocate under CRP. Social science emergent norm theory is seen as a way of describing the coping reactions of people when faced with a radical change in environmental perceptions. In such a situation people either evolve new norms for coping with the situation or utilize a pre-learned standby cluster of norms developed by pre-disaster training. CRP is seen as a standby mechanism which defines the new structure of response to crisis, provides role training and preparation of a response cadre, trains the public to recognize, properly interpret and respond to a warning message. Such a structure must be highly visible and perceived as an effective means of coping with a crisis.