A Conceptual Plan for Mitigating Anadromous Fish Losses in the Hanford Reach, Columbia River, Washington

摘要

The approach selected to achieve mitigation was to subdivide production requirements into four hatcheries with regard to compatible production cycles and manageable size. A single, large facility was not considered practical due to inter alia, the increased potential for waterborne disease or environmental problems to eliminate an entire year class of fish at a facility supplied with a single water source. Capital costs for the total mitigation hatchery plan (four hatcheries) were estimated at $39.1 million; annual operation and maintenance costs (excluding energy) would be approximately $768,500. Using a two-year cycle production cycle, the mitigation goal for steelhead could be met at hatcheries supplied with ambient Columbia River water. Ground water sources were not confirmed in the study area. Without a ground water supply, the full mitigation goal for the salmon species could be met only if mechanical heating and cooling were employed to modify ambient Columbia River water temperatures. With single-pass water use, annual energy requirements for thermally modifying water to supply hatcheries producing spring, summer, and fall Chinook and coho would be approximately 308,000,000,000 BTU. Until adequate data are developed to construct a production model for sockeye salmon, efforts should be directed at augmenting natural production in Lake Wenatchee and Lake Osoyoos.