Surface Based Remote Sensing in Marine Air. Extensive Analysis of Echoes by Several Sensors Reveals Evolutionary Atmospheric Processes Related to Weather Capable of Affecting Naval Operations

摘要

Major results of investigations include: (1) Evaluation of the following surface-based remote sensors, either singularly, jointly, or separated in several coastal regions--Fixed, vertical pointing FM-CW radar, Mobile, scanning FM-CW radar, Acoustic monostatic echosounder, Acoustic, bistatic wind sensing system, Lidar, High powered pulsed radar, and Ceilometer using nonstandard film recording technique; (2) Determination of advantages and complementary features of sensors; (3) Identification of echoes and their evolution related to significant meteorological processes potentially affecting naval operations--Temperature and relative humidity inversion base height, Stratus cloud top, Echo structure, including drizzle, beneath stratus clouds leading to fog formation, Turbulence related to waves, forced and free convection, and aircraft wing-tip vortices, and Extrapolation of ascending convective mixing layer depth to condensation level where clouds form and descending subsidence inversion base or wind shear region into and through stratus clouds or fog deck to instigate cloud/fog dissipation; and (4) Development of echo coding technique for transmitting essential echo features and acquiring an echo climatology.