Analysis of Conventional and Reflective Butler Matrices with Imperfect Components

摘要

In a reflective Butler matrix the input ports are coincident with the output ports. Hence, all error components produced by imperfect hybrid couplers accumulate at the single set of input/output ports, rather than being distributed at the separate sets of input ports and output ports as in the conventional Butler matrix. This report gives a precise scattering analysis of both conventional and reflective Butler matrices made up of imperfect hybrid couplers, and the effect on the performance of such matrices is computed. A computer program for carrying out the analysis is also given.