Tug Usage for Control and Deceleration in Restricted Waterways.

摘要

The investigations described in this report form the first part of a series of experiments planned at the Computer Aided Operations Research Facility (CAORF) to investigate the effectiveness of tugs in restricted waterways and the variability in pilot operating procedures. The present experiment involved comparisons between harbor pilots and docking masters, ship size (80,000 DWT and 250,000 DWT tankers), tug number, tug power, and tug availability. A simple harbor scenario involving straight legs (3/4 nm in length and 800 feet wide) and a widened 45 deg turn was used. The water/depth ratio was 1:15. The ships experienced a northwesterly wind fluctuating around 30 knots and a flood current of 1 knot in the channel direction. During the experiment each pilot performed three successive runs on his ship, followed by a final run that involved a complete engine and rudder failure just at the entrance to the turn. The data from the experiment were the examined qualitatively and selected performance measures were subjected to statistical analyses. On this basis, observations and conclusions were made relating to the comparisons indicated previously. (Author)