Stress Indices and Flexibility Factors for 90-Degree Piping Elbows with Straight Pipe Extensions

摘要

A finite element parameter study was performed on a wide variety of 90-degree piping elbows having straight pipe extensions to determine the sensitivity of stress indices and flexibility factors to the length of the pipe extensions. Both moment and force loadings were considered. It was found that stress indices are generally insensitive to the type of load (moment or force). (Author)