An Exploratory Research and Development Program Leading to Specifications for Aviation Turbine Fuel from Whole Crude Shale Oil. Part IV. Production of Samples of Military Fuels from Raw Shale Oils

摘要

A total of 475 gallons of specification aviation turbine fuels (JP-4, JP-5 and JP-8) were prepared from Occidental Shale Oil based on Sun Tech's upgrading concept. Processing consists of six steps: (1) hydrotreating the whole shale oil to partially reduce total nitrogen content to minimize hydrogen consumption; (2) distilling the hydrotreated product into appropriate fractions for additional processing; (3) rehydrotreating the light distillate fraction to meet product specifications; (4) treating the wide boiling gas oil fraction with anhydrous hydrogen chloride (HCI) which yields a low nitrogen content raffinate and a high nitrogen content extract phase; (5) thermally decomposing the extract to recover anhydrous HCI and a nitrogen-rich extract, which is used for generating hydrogen by partial oxidation; and (6) hydrocracking the raffinate phase to maximize aviation turbine fuel yield. Five 5-gallon samples of specification military fuels were produced from Paraho shale oil (JP-4, JP-5, JP-8, DF-2 and DF Marine) using a modified process. Processing consists of severely hydrotreating raw shale oil followed by fractionation and finally hydrocracking the wide boiling gas oil fraction to produce the desired product slate.