Delphi Study to Develop a Standard List of Activities that Comprise Routine Clinical Pharmacy Services.

摘要

A wealth of literature exists quantifying the benefits of clinical pharmacist optimization of a patient's medication therapy, but little literature exists codifying a model of clinical practice that allows for standardization and efficient staffing analysis. Essentially, the range of clinical pharmacy services is well described; however, the activities that constitute these services are not well documented. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a list of activities that constitute routine clinical pharmacy services for all inpatients in the military health system. Utilizing the Delphi method, an expert panel of six senior Army Pharmacy officers and civilians participated in a four-round survey, including one semi-structured interview and three successive rounds of Likert surveys. Panelist interview responses were reviewed for consistent themes, and their survey responses were analyzed for inter-round stability utilizing nonparametric statistics. A resultant list of 15 clinical pharmacy activities reached the predetermined standard of consensus for inclusion in the list of activities that constitute routine clinical pharmacy services. These results were discussed in terms of their reliability and generalizability along with their implications for the development of future staffing models. Opportunities for future research building on the results of this study were suggested.