Rapid Diagnosis of Arbovirus and Arenavirus Infections by Immunofluorescence

摘要

Spot-slides bearing cells infected with arboviruses were supplied to USAMRIID for immunofluorescence tests. A safe and quick ELISA for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus was developed using infected, formalin-fixed CER cells as antigen. A retrospective serologic survey of equatorial Africa for antibodies in man to CCHF, Rift Valley fever (RVF), Ebola, Lassa fever, and Marburg viruses was done. In Sudan, antibodies to Marburg, CCHF, Lassa, RVF, and Ebola viruses were detected in prevalences between 0.2-11.2% with geographic clustering especially in the southern and central provinces. In Senegal, antibodies to Ebola, RVF and CCHF viruses were recorded in prevalences from 5-14%. In Ethiopia, some sera from a putative yellow fever outbreak of 1960-62 were positive to Ebola virus. Ebola IgM was detected in one patient suggesting that Ebola was active in the 1960's.