Text Processing: The Influence of Text Structure, Background Knowledge, and Purpose

摘要

The independence of text structure, background knowledge, and purpose was investigated with respect ot text processing and memory. A selective attention hypothesis relying on extra processing to account for differential memory was also tested. Undergraduates demonstrating knowledge of physics or music principles read three texts about laser annealing, musical notation, and parakeets. Sentences were identified as high, intermediate, or low in each text structure hierarchy. Subjects received one of three sets of instructions targeting specific information to be learned. Texts were presented sentence-by-sentence under subject control on a video terminal. Reading rates and subsequent recognition of sentences were recorded. Conclusions were (a) the rate at which information is read depends upon its position in a text structure and the reader's knowledge of the text topic, (b) recognition of text elements is a function of the location in the text structure. (c) the relationship of reading rate and memory does not appear to be a simple linear function, and (d) individuals can alter their reading rates depending upon their purpose independent of their background knowledge. (Author)