Two Swords Controversy and the Roots of Modern Political Theory.

摘要

I will focus on the political and religious controversies which erupted during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. By tracing some of the varied forces at work during this period I intend to demonstrate that the accepted theory of medieval life that organized and directed all of society, secular and ecclesiastical, became increasingly in conflict with the actual institutional and cultural expressions of that life. This conflict was brought to a head by the Investiture Contest of the eleventh century and the Two Swords struggle that ensued in the following two-hundred or so years. Keywords: Political revolution; Political alliances; Political science theory; Religion; Social sciences. (EG)