Study of Breakwaters Constructed with One Layer of Armor Stone, Detroit District. Repair, Evaluation, Maintenance and Rehabilitation Research Program.

摘要

This study was carried out to provide documentation of the design, construction, repair, rehabilitation, maintenance, environmental loading, and economic history of one layer armor-stone breakwaters in the US Army Engineer District, Detroit, and to present cost comparisons for one-layer stone breakwaters versus two-layer stone breakwaters. The US Army Engineer District (USAED), Detroit, has 16 breakwaters within the District, all or part of which were designed and constructed with one layer of armor-stone protection. (This type of construction was used between 1918 and 1975.) This study was carried out to document the design, construction, repair, rehabilitation, maintenance, environmental loading, and economic history for these structures. Five of the sixteen harbors were selected for cost studies to compare cost to construct the breakwater today using a one-layer design (as it was constructed) with cost using a two-layer design. Maintenance costs for the 16 breakwaters with one layer of armor stone also were compared with maintenance costs for typical breakwaters constructed with two layers of armor stone. (JES)