Demonstration of Activated Macrophages in Subgingival Plaque and Crevicular Fluid Samples from Periodontal Diseased Sites. (Reannouncement with New Availability Information).

摘要

Macrophages are present in gingival tissues and they increase in gingivitis and periodontitis. In vitro studies have shown that gram-negative bacterial endotoxin increases the bone resorption activity of macrophages. The activation of macrophages in vitro by substances such as lymphokines, complement, group A streptococcal wall substances, histamine and immune complexes which are present in subgingival plaque or periodontal tissues has also been shown. Intense staining of activated macrophages for acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase has been observed in tissue sections of inflamed gingiva. Although macrophages have also been observed in crevicular fluid and subgingival plaques from normal sites, their numbers, enzyme activities or activation have not previously been studied in crevicular fluid and subgingival plaques from diseased sites. All of the following studies were performed on samples obtained by noninvasive procedures and smeared on coverslips. After cytochemical procedures which produced visible and electron opaque stains on replicate coverslips, correlative light and scanning electron microscopy by SEI and BEI modes permitted identification of cell types and some bacterial pathogens. The PATS reaction, a variation of the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction that employs stepwise condensation with thiocarbohydrazide and silver methenamine to achieve staining and electron opacity, has been found useful by us for positively staining gram-negative bacteria including spirochetes in crevicular fluid and subgingival plaques from periodontal patients.