Field Measurement and Model Evaluation Program for Assessment of the Environmental Effects of Military Smokes: Analysis Methods and Results of Hexachloroethane Smoke Dispersion Experiments Conducted as Part of Atterbury-87 Field Studies.

摘要

The results of five dispersion experiments conducted using hexachloroethane (HC) smoke pots are described. The experiments included: (a) measurement of time-dependent release rate (4 trials) and exit temperature (1 trial), (b) measurement of meteorological variables using a 10-m instrument tower and a 2-m mast upwind of the smoke source, (c) sampling of the particulate phase at four heights on 46 sampling masts organized into four transects located between 60 and 500 m from the source, (d) twelve samples of the vapor phase which were chemically analyzed for four specific organic compounds and (e) determination of the particle size distribution at a single location using a quartz-crystal-microbalance cascade impactor. Chemical analysis methods for the particulate and vapor phases are described. All particulate samples were analyzed for zinc and aluminum; 10 of the most heavily exposed filters were analyzed for 45 elements using a combination of inductively coupled argon-plasma, atomic-emission spectroscopy (40 elements) and ion chromatography (5 elements). Twenty-two additional samples were analyzed for 11 elements. A gas chromatography method used to analyze the vapor samples is also described. The results of the study include: (a) information on the approximate composition of the HC smoke particulate and vapor phases, (b) determination of the HC smoke particle size distribution and (c) concentration data with accompanying meteorological and source information which are suitable for testing and improving atmospheric dispersion models. Keywords: Screening smoke; Obscuring smoke; Gas chromatography. (sdw)