Stability of RMS Lg Measurements and their Potential for Accurate Estimation ofthe Yields of Soviet Underground Nuclear Explosions

摘要

Data on underground nuclear explosions have recently become available from moderndigital seismic stations installed within the Soviet Union and China. Observations of root mean square Lg-wave signals for Soviet underground nuclear explosions at the Shagan River test site in East Kazakhstan show that the relative amplitudes of the RMS signals at stations in Norway, the U.S.S.R. and China, are very similar for different explosions, the standard deviation of only 0.03 in magnitude. This is consistent with earlier observations comparing NORSAR and the Graefenberg array data, and the observed scatter is significantly lower than that reported from Nevada Test Site. In view of the excellent correspondence for Lg versus yield at Nevada, RMS has a potential for yield estimation with very high accuracy at Shagan River. The study shows: a) selected stations in the U.S.S.R. and China, at regional distances, provide a much improved signal to noise ratio of the Lg phase for events at Shagan River, compared to NORSAR array data; b) the scaling of RMS Lg amplitudes between different sized events recorded at the same single station site appears to be consistent with that of NORSAR, indicating a remarkable degree of precision in single station measurements of Lg signal; c) RMS Lg amplitude measurements for the best of these stations may be made at 1.5 to 2.0 magnitude units lower than at NORSAR Graefenberg, allowing a much lower threshold for Lg based yield determination; and d) P wave detection capabilities of these single stations do not match those of the NORESS and ARCESS arrays, thus teleseismic signals continue to be important for detection of small nuclear explosions.