Survey of Scattering, Attenuation, and Size Spectra Studies of Bubble Layers and Plumes Beneath the Air-Sea Interface.

摘要

Previous and ongoing research relating to acoustic scattering and attenuation by sub-surface oceanic bubble layers and clouds is surveyed within the context of sea-surface scattering and the parameters relevant to numerical modeling. Bubble concentration and size spectra measurements are addressed, as are theoretical and numerical studies of bubble cloud (plume) generation processes and scattering mechanisms. Related studies of oceanic processes such as Langmuir circulation, wavebreak plume injection, and the biological bubble component are discussed. Conclusions are drawn regarding the current understanding of phenomena and the availability of sufficient data.