Human Cognitive Processes in Command and Control Planning. 3. Determining BasicProcesses Involved in Planning in Time and Space (Cognitieve Processen in Command and Control Planning. 3. Basisprocessen in Planning in Tijd en Ruimte)

摘要

This study investigates how people create plans to accomplish a task that hasboth temporal and spatial components. The study had two goals; to develop a method for determining the cognitive processes associated with planning; and to develop a model for efficient planning for the task used in the study. Two planners gave verbal and graphical protocols while planning the most efficient way for shopping robots to pick up commodities in a grocery store. Each planner created a plan for twelve such problems and the plan was executed after each planning session. The protocols were analyzed to identify the primitive concepts and actions used in the planning process. Observations of planners' behavior in this study indicated that plans were developed in an evolutionary manner. Planners discovered and refined methods for organizing the information and procedures for manipulating it during the course of the sessions. Furthermore, it was shown that planners attended to different levels of detail of information in planning, and used a variety of planning strategies. A hierarchical model for efficient planning for this task is proposed that assumes plans are developed hierarchically at three successive levels of detail.