Detrimental Effects of Intravenous Crystalloid After Aortotomy in Swine

摘要

Attempts to correct the intravascular volume deficit in patients with hemorrhagichypotension generally begin as soon as establishing intravenous access is technically feasible. Since the advent of advanced life support emergency medical service systems, intravenous crystalloid is routinely administered before surgical hemostasis. This practice evolved from the laboratory observation that hemorrhagic shock in animals may be reversible when the blood volume deficit is replaced with two to three times that volume of isotonic crystalloid. These previous experimental studies used a controlled-hemorrhage method of atraumatically withdrawing blood through a surgically implanted catheter until an arbitrarily predetermined blood pressure or volume deficit was achieved.