Universal Fluctuation Effects in Chaotic Quantum Dots

摘要

We show that quantum dots with classically chaotic dynamics exhibit universalquantum fluctuation effects in a number of physical properties. Specifically, the distribution of Coulomb blockade resonance amplitudes and the correlation function of the quantum dot energy levels with shape distortion have universal forms which are shown to agree well with numerical results from a billiard model of quantum dots. These universal statistical properties are experimentally accessible through transport and capacitance measurements of single dots; a clear experimental signature may be obtained by their sensitivity to a weak magnetic field. Integrable models for quantum dots are found to have non-universal statistical properties.