Exceptional solvent, water is the life-giving molecule on Earth: it covers about 70% of the Earth’s surface, accounts for 65% of a human and 90% of macromolecules present in biological systems. If the water did not exist, no chemical reactions, no transport of nutrients and waste, etc. would exist. In a word, without water, there would be no life. Within the range of envi-ronmental temperature and pressure, water is found in three conventional physical aggregation states plus one: solid (ice), liquid (liquid water), gas-eous (water vapor) and semi-crystalline (biological water). Most of the models proposed to explain the peculiar properties of water start from the study of an isolated water molecule, then extend its characteristics and behaviors to the water molecules bound to it. Each model aims to predict the behavior of water in its three conventional aggregation states and subsequently verify its compatibility with experimental chemical-physical properties. Problems arise when, through intermolecular electrostatic at-traction forces (short-range forces), a lot of water molecules are assembled to form the liquid phase together. None of the water models proposed to date, based on short-range forces, is able to describe satisfactorily the “abnormal” chemical-physical behavior of water. In the present work, it is presented the Quantum Electro Dynamics (QED) approach to water, introduced and developed, with the contribution of other physicists and researchers, by Giuliano Preparata and Emilio del Giudice, two Italian theoretical physicists and researchers of the National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), over the last thirty years.
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机译：特殊的溶剂，水是地球上赋予生命的分子：它覆盖地球约70％的表面，占人类的65％和生物系统中存在的90％的大分子。如果不存在水，将不会发生化学反应，营养物质和废物的运输等。总之，没有水，就不会有生命。在环境温度和压力范围内，发现水以三种常规物理聚集状态加一种：固体（冰），液体（液态水），气态（水蒸气）和半结晶（生物水）。为解释水的特殊性质而提出的大多数模型都是从对孤立的水分子的研究开始，然后将其特性和行为扩展到与水结合的水分子。每个模型旨在预测水在其三种常规聚集状态下的行为，并随后验证其与实验化学物理性质的兼容性。当通过分子间静电吸引力（短程力）将许多水分子组装在一起形成液相时，就会出现问题。迄今为止，基于短程作用力提出的水模型都无法令人满意地描述水的“异常”化学物理行为。在当前的工作中，介绍了水的量子电动力学（QED）方法，该方法是由意大利的两位理论物理学家和国立研究所的研究人员Giuliano Preparata和Emilio del Giudice在其他物理学家和研究人员的贡献下提出的。过去三十年来，核物理学院（INFN）的工作。
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