Kaposi’sDisease or Kaposi’s Sarcoma (SK ) is a multifocal malignant proliferationinduced by viral growth factors, including interleukin 6 of human herpes virus type 8 (HHV8). We describe fourforms of this disease who poses a real public health problem in East andCentral Africa. The purpose of our observation was to report a rare conditionin a Senegalese HIV-positive child. It was an 11-year-old girl from a region in centralSenegal. She was an orphan of both parents, tested and monitored since the ageof 5 for HIV infection 1. Shewas on the 1st line protocol. Due to a lack of support and good observance, shewas referred to us at the age of 11 for follow-up in our structure in thesuburbs of Dakar. The initial follow-up assessment showed a very low CD4 countand a very high viral load. Before the lack of clinical and immune-virologicalresponse, a genotypic resistance test was performed and showed immunologicaland virological failure. The initial development was marked by the appearanceof lesions which were highly suggestive of Kaposi’s disease. She was on 2nd linetreatment. The histopathological aspect of cutaneous biopsy was very suggestive of Kaposi’s disease. The subsequent course after ART and bleomycin treatment was clinically marked by regression of skin lesions. Virologically, it was marked by a fall in the viralload. Immunologically there was a gradual recovery of CD4 levels which cameback to normal. Ourobservation demonstrates that absence ofeffective antiretroviral therapy for HIV increases therisk to develop Kaposi’s sarcoma.
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