Vortex nucleation by negative ion in superfluid He-4

摘要

In superfluid He-4, moving ions nucleate vortex loops by quantum tunneling through the barrier for T < 0.3 K, while thermal phonons activate the. system over the barrier at higher temperature. The energy barrier height and the nucleation rate are calculated numerically. These are well fitted with the experimental data for low pressures P < 16 bar and low electric fields E < 10(5) V/m. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. [References: 4]