Surgical management of venous malformation in soft tissue with the guidance of magnetic resonance imaging and percutaneous sinus angiography/three-dimensional computed tomography imaging

摘要

Background Venous malformation (VM) is a common vascular malformation in soft tissue. Surgical management plays an important role in its treatment. The location, extent, and adjacent anatomy of the lesion are crucial information for the safety of operation. This study introduces the application of magnetic resonance imaging and percutaneous sinus angiography/three-dimensional computed tomography imaging in gathering above information.