A remark on the application of cold spring

摘要

The reactions and stresses in a piping subject to cyclic temperature changes are customarily redistributed between cold and hot states by a suitable cold pull-up. For the measure of that, in general, only the thermal expansion is considered and the resulting reactions are controlled. However, if the process aimed at making stresses more favourable, other loads, foremost the internal pressure, have also to be taken into account.