Scientific Psychology in the 18th Century: A Historical Rediscovery

摘要

As early as 1783, the almost forgotten philosopher, metaphysicist, and psychologist Ferdinand Ueberwasser (1752-1812) designated himself Professor fur empirische Psychologie und Logik (professor of empirical psychology and logic) at the University of Munster, Germany. His position was initiated and supported by the minister and educational reformer Franz von Furstenberg (1729-1810), who considered psychology a core scientific discipline that should be taught at each school and university. At the end of the 18th century, then, psychology seems to have been on the verge of becoming an independent academic discipline, about 100 years before Wilhelm Wundt founded the discipline's first official laboratory. It seems surprising that Ueberwasser's writingsincluding a seminal textbook on empirical psychologyhave been almost entirely overlooked in most historical accounts. We focus on this important founding moment of psychological science and on the circumstances that eventually brought this seminal development to a halt.